Baku is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, located on the western coast of the Caspian Sea. It is the cultural, industrial, and political heart of the country, and one of the most prominent cities in the Caucasus region.

Here’s an overview of Baku:

 General Information

  • Location: Caspian Sea coast, below sea level (~28 meters / 92 feet below), making it the lowest-lying national capital in the world.

  • Population: Around 2.3 million (as of recent estimates), making it the largest city in the South Caucasus.

  • Language: Azerbaijani (Azeri)

  • Currency: Azerbaijani manat (AZN)

History

  • One of the oldest cities in the region, with roots dating back to at least the 1st century AD.

  • Grew in importance due to its location on trade routes and rich oil reserves.

  • Played a key role in the first oil boom of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

  • Soviet rule from 1920 until Azerbaijan's independence in 1991.

Attractions and Landmarks

  • Icherisheher (Old City): A UNESCO World Heritage Site with ancient architecture, mosques, and the famous Maiden Tower.

  • Flame Towers: Modern skyscrapers shaped like flames, symbolizing Azerbaijan’s ancient fire-worship traditions.

  • Baku Boulevard: A scenic promenade along the Caspian Sea.

  • Heydar Aliyev Center: A stunning modernist building designed by Zaha Hadid, known for its flowing architecture.

  • Carpet Museum: Showcases Azerbaijan’s rich textile history in a building shaped like a rolled-up carpet.

 Culture and Modern Life

  • A vibrant mix of East and West, with Islamic, Persian, Soviet, and modern European influences.

  • Host of international events like the Formula 1 Azerbaijan Grand Prix and the Eurovision Song Contest 2012.

  • Rapid modernization in the 21st century, but also efforts to preserve historical architecture.

 Economy

  • A major oil and gas hub in the Caspian region.

  • Home to the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR).

  • Also growing in sectors like tourism, construction, and technology.




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